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books and magazines, and through the channels of newspapers and occasionally even on the radio, speak up in defense of the victimized deviant, larger numbers of people, both inside and outside the group, are influenced in their attitudes. The diminished hostility resultant therefrom makes it possible for heterosexuals to believe in and to express their friendly attitude, and likewise reduced are the guilt and fear within the homosexual group. As the fright at the specter of self-expression is lessened, the homosexual finds it possible to give a certain limited leadership to the protest, and this very small, frequently anonymous struggle can continue to spread a word of enlightenment, both to other homosexuals, and to heterosexuals, thus setting in motion a new cycle. As the shame is diminished with the increasing acceptance, both by oneself and one's associates, the righteousness of the cause of protest is impressed upon the minds of many homosexuals, and in fact the guilt of being homosexual is replaced by the guilt of not defending one's cause.

This is a new situation, and in recent years it has already begun to manifest itself and to produce some small results. The law in some states has been relaxed, and in others many people have called for a change. Lecture groups of gay people have been initiated in several cities; private clubs and veterans' organizations have been formed; a social-work group, having the open cooperation of numerous ministers, psychiatrists, and other professional men, has been incorporated is now functioning to help those who run afoul of the law or who have other difficulties; a correspondence society is in existence; and in Los Angeles, where police terror is particularly outrageous, a group is functioning openly to raise funds and to conduct a public campaign against entrapment and police brutality.

The next steps forward are not easy to predict. The publishing program, both of fiction and non-fiction, can be better controlled, so that there is a wider influence of the group upon the thinking of those who become spokesmen. A magazine, perhaps quite unlike those published in Europe, may be able to be established in the United States, concentrating on literary and other cultural aspects of the group problem, or perhaps not devoted exclusively to this one group. Efforts must be made to enlist friends among the medical, psychological, legal and other professions to conduct a campaign more vigorous than heretofore in defense of the group and of its individual members. Church leaders can be particularly effective in making representations against newspapers and magazines in protest against their one-sided hostility. An educational program to convince the homosexuals themselves of the propriety of their activities is urgently needed.

These are but meager beginnings. Each of these is amorphous, all of them disconnected, many functioning at crosspurposes to the others. But let us not fail

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